Design and Characteristic Analysis of Magnetostrictive Vibration Harvester with Double-Stage Rhombus Amplification Mechanism

Vibration energy harvesting is a new alternative to lithium battery power for low-power devices, attempting recover wasted or lost vibration generate electricity. Magnetostrictive-based exploits the coupling properties of Villari and Faraday electromagnetic induction effects achieve mechanical–magnetic–electric conversion. In order better apply actual environment, such as buses, improve ability capture low-frequency energy, double-stage rhombus device, based on Terfenol-D rods, was developed. By establishing an analytical model force amplification ratio design optimized using Single-Objective Genetic Algorithm, safety pre-magnetization layout methods are analyzed by Finite Element Analysis. The output characteristics prototype, including voltage frequency response under regular excitation random excitation, effect external resistance, performance investigated in detail through experiments. results experiments showed that peak fabricated prototype 1.056 mW at 30 Hz operating frequency, capability reached 41.4 μW/N, open circuit were 2.92 V 266 mW, respectively, excitation. Practical application test generated 1.06–1.51 when level 2.2–4.9 m/s2. comparative study indicates proposed magnetostrictive system great improvement over proposals existing literature.